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Experiment design and modeling for long-term studies in ads

The Unofficial Google Data Science Blog

accounting for effects "orthogonal" to the randomization used in experimentation. For example in ads, experiments using cookies (users) as experimental units are not suited to capture the impact of a treatment on advertisers or publishers nor their reaction to it.

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Changing assignment weights with time-based confounders

The Unofficial Google Data Science Blog

Instead, we focus on the case where an experimenter has decided to run a full traffic ramp-up experiment and wants to use the data from all of the epochs in the analysis. Companies like Google [2], Amazon [3], and Microsoft [4] have all published scholarly articles on this topic.