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Variance and significance in large-scale online services

The Unofficial Google Data Science Blog

Unlike experimentation in some other areas, LSOS experiments present a surprising challenge to statisticians — even though we operate in the realm of “big data”, the statistical uncertainty in our experiments can be substantial. We must therefore maintain statistical rigor in quantifying experimental uncertainty.

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Changing assignment weights with time-based confounders

The Unofficial Google Data Science Blog

Instead, we focus on the case where an experimenter has decided to run a full traffic ramp-up experiment and wants to use the data from all of the epochs in the analysis. When there are changing assignment weights and time-based confounders, this complication must be considered either in the analysis or the experimental design.

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LSOS experiments: how I learned to stop worrying and love the variability

The Unofficial Google Data Science Blog

Despite a very large number of experimental units, the experiments conducted by LSOS cannot presume statistical significance of all effects they deem practically significant. The result is that experimenters can’t afford to be sloppy about quantifying uncertainty. At Google, we tend to refer to them as slices.

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The trinity of errors in applying confidence intervals: An exploration using Statsmodels

O'Reilly on Data

Because of this trifecta of errors, we need dynamic models that quantify the uncertainty inherent in our financial estimates and predictions. Practitioners in all social sciences, especially financial economics, use confidence intervals to quantify the uncertainty in their estimates and predictions. Image Source: Deepak Kanungo.